Pronunciation Guide

Here are examples on how to pronounce the modified alphabets. This is based on IAST. Each alphabet corresponds to the boldfaced and underlined letters in the sample word.

Vowels:
aāiīuū
amusecarsitbeetputtootwrit
eaioauaṃaḥ
baklavawaypiemodevowdumbaha
Consonants, Semi-vowels and Symbols:
k khggh
cupbuckgumgherkinsing
cchjjhñ
chapbeachheadjughedgehogcanyon
ṭh ḍh
tuckbattaliondunadhereannals
tthddhn
mythbathethusdharmanut
pphbbhm
punupholdbudabhormud
yrlv
yumrunlugvow
śsh
shunfishtailsumhum
kṣśrō
action jnanam srimatiblack
There are some other special cases not covered here. These are mentioned in the remarks of the relevant kritis. (Eg)In a Sanskrit kriti, o is always a long o as in goal. In a Telugu or Tamil kriti, a long o is indicated by ō, but just an o indicates only a short vowel sound as in port. That is, Sanskrit kritis are in IAST. Other kritis are in ISO 15919. Parts of this guide are revised and adapted from RK Math and MB publications.